Web-enabled Database Essay Example for Free

Web-enabled Database Essay To keep certain information in a corporation, many different set ups are planned and followed so that the data may remain intact and secure as these data information of various departments are pretty essential to keep the flow of work steady and at a proper pace. So, once this information is stored the next step is to make sure that it is safe and can be retrieved whenever required without creating any problems. So, to deal with such circumstances where data retrieval can be required at anytime a production business or a firm must comprise of an appropriate database management system. Database management systems are necessary because today every thing is computer based and all the data and information is stored, circulated and modified through its use, therefore database management system are quite necessary in running an organization without hindrances. Database management systems are either software based which require a certain certified software program which can be installed in the PC to make it work in the company while the other kind is the internet or the web-based or web-enabled database management system. It is a suitable process that is applied many conglomerate corporations and big businesses producing efficient and rapid results. The background of internet-based instruction is altering due to the union of the internet and database servers. This paper looks at and describes some of the characteristics, purpose, and interoperable features of Web-enabled databases as they are improving the internet-based instruction by providing advantages to many users (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Database and Web-Enabled Database: A database contains properly planned collection of data for various functions and is mostly in digital figure. A method of making categories in database is through their matter like bibliography, records and calculation purpose. Digital databases work is carried through the use of Database Management Systems which is software that is installed in the PC to help in storing data, allowing data forming, and maintenance. Database programs are software applications anticipated for customers to make databases and produce all the programming required to fill them or get rid of them as wished. The display of a database is like a table of a spreadsheet, which consists of rows and columns of records. The columns categorize the characteristics in the table, and the rows are the documentations of the respective data. These tables one way or another look precisely like a spread sheet though the database tables can be influenced and updated in a manner that usually spreadsheets can not perform, and because of this characteristic it crafts a database into a exceedingly significant device (Scamell Umanath, 2007). While, since the internet has become a major part of our lives so it is being used in almost every work due to speed, reliability and easy access with out any problems so database management systems also got modernized in shape of web-enabled database. Web-enabled or web-based database smooth the progress of virtual society to converse, find sources for database queries, convey immediate reaction, and modify instructional progressions however it can also be described as a system that makes the availability of central administration of resources, online records compilation, online arithmetical examination, and mutual investigation. The web enabled database varies from a local database as it is installed in a personal computer or its connected storage, for instance a CD. Therefore it benefits the corporation in managing their data in a proper and efficient way so that no mishap can occur once the data is required urgently. Layers of Database planning: Any database system, be it web-enabled or non-web enabled, requires proper arrangements for operation and these arrangement which are an integral part of the system are usually known as layers. There are three layers of database management system or planning known as external, conceptual and internal. The primary feature of the Relational Database Model passed in 1969 by Edgar Frank Codd as First-Order Predicted Logic invented these three layers for the data base management system and this feature stills controls the 21st century databases systems which are enhanced due to the feature of internet in them. The reasons for designing these layers are appropriate working of the database system and in a proper sequence because sequencing in data storage is essentially required plus it does not create any mix ups that might lead to data lost in future. The external layer explains the process and procedure that how the customers or users should understand the relationship of the data. Any particular data file or document might contain a certain amount of readings, records or observation at external layer. When it comes to the design of the internal level or layer the purpose of internal layer is to provide a clear picture of the actual storage of data and its development by the computer system. Basically the planning of internal layer concerned with expenses, arrangement, scalability and other certain essential objects of data packets installed or used by the clients (Scamell Umanath, 2007). While the layer that amalgamates or connects the previous layers i. e. internal and external is the conceptual layer. It supplies a general examination of the database by providing a clear view of the company’s data is storage or supervision, and it can merge the various external views into a reliable data. In these all three layers active directory makes available of a hierarchical data reorganization space. Every data object is exclusively recognized in the database by its entity identification quality, called the Relative Distinguished Name (RDN). The relative distinguished name when joined with other major components frames the objects Distinguished Name (DN). The database stores the RDN of every data object plus an indication to the main source object so that database layer can tag on these parent indications and concatenates the following RDN to construct DN. A chief purpose of the database layer is to interpret each DN into a numeric arrangement called the DN tag, which is used for all internal accesses. Reasons for introduction of web enabled database: When the internet became an essentially used component in the computers it was believed that more people would head towards internet based software due to easy access and reliability. So the database software were also introduced for web-based working so that people can use them instead of the installed software, it was due to the fact that if internet is constantly being used in the company everyday so using the web-enabled database would be cheap and reliable as no space in hard disk would be used but the one that is virtually allocated to the user (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Also, for small or local companies it is difficult to install and to afford the price of the database management software as they are quite expensive due to certified and authorized. An example of it can be given through this illustration that a corporation might already bring into play a constant link for email and web-browsing, and be in a site to take advantage of it further for a web-enabled database because if it opts for the selection of database software than almost a figure of ? 10,000 per annum, as per financial plan, would be required for to install and program it which would also be used to check emails and internet usage if desired however the precise figure will depend a lot on the quantity of transfer and usage of the database the company wishes the site to produce. So, this is quite an expensive amount for small scale industries and businesses which do not produce a lot of revenue, therefore keeping in mind the situations these companies might face the web-based or web-enabled database were initiated. Also apart from small industries these databases are also used in schools for keeping the proper record of the student body admitted in school since it got established therefore schools cannot afford such expensive software which are basically constructed for the large scale businesses and corporations. Thus in these circumstances people take the options of selecting the web-based database due to easy access and result, these database are also sometimes referred to the search engines which are used all over the internet and provide easy and fast results so same is with the output of the web-enabled database (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Differences between web-enabled database and non web-enable database: When it comes to the distinguishing of both categories of databases the basic and the primary difference is the internet usage. In web-enabled databases the internet is the base on which the whole database is established while the ones which are non web-enabled are software based however they do provide the access to the internet for various reasons. But there is a great deal of difference between software which is installed in the hard disk for usage and the one which is available on the World Wide Web for benefiting results and availability. So, when it comes to the point of availability, the non-web based databases have higher availability as they are installed in the computer and can be run any time however in case web-enabled database the availability same as non web-enabled database if the connection of internet is available through out and no problems occur during the connectivity because for the web-based database internet connection is essential and a fast one, to be clear. So availability of both the databases are some how the same depending upon the situation the user is in as some might go against web-enabled databases due to poor network connectivity. As far as backup is concerned, web-enabled databases are recommended due to the reason that any system failure or hard disk crash can lead to a loss in non web-enabled databases unless there is a storage device apart from the hard disk space, while web-enabled database have a virtual space or backup due to which the data is safe so priority goes to the web enabled database over the non web-enabled database in case of backups. However the recent development in the database software is this that now back up plan is also available in the software CDs so this might overcome this weakness (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Performance and compatibility of recent software based database has improved a lot due to development in research of making the software applications reliable and efficient however the more fast they are the more space they require in the hard disk, so it eventually affects the computer’s speed of work unless the system is sort of a super computer. In this case the web-based database are recommended, noted that the network speed should be fast enough to run the program, as the space is allocated virtually and no need of over sized data is required in the PC. Internet connection can have a major affect on the performance of web-enabled database as any uploading might slow down or even get cancelled due to poor speed so once a user is following the web-based databases then he or she should make certain if the network speed is supportive. The selection of development team is more reliable in software based database installed in the computer because any changes in the software can be made however this feature is not very common in the internet based database as the only purpose is to provide the database technology via internet usage and the user cannot make any changes in the software which is on the internet while any changes can be made in the one which is installed in the PC so for the selection of team for its development the better is the installed software as the development team can make the changes which the require and this cannot be done in web-enabled database. Security on internet is a confusing term because most of the people go against the fact that internet is secure in safe guarding the data while the database providers go against it as they believe that firewall has a lot of effects but due to the presence of hackers in all places the internet based databases are not recommended for big corporations as it is better safe than sorry for them, therefore if compared then installed software is more reliable in security as the user can have all the authorities in placing the privacy and security(Scamell Umanath, 2007) . Therefore web-enabled database are somehow better but not always a person can rely on them as security reasons are very essential for data storage. Conclusion: The amalgamation of the database servers develop Web-based instruction by offering advantages to the small scale industries and other users who cannot afford expensive database software applications for storing and sequencing the data as per the requirement and necessity. References: Scamell, R. W. Umanath, N. S. , (2007), Data Modeling and Database Design, 1st edn, Course Technology, USA

The Year of the Woman Essay -- mh

The Year of the Woman Reporters portray female and male candidates differently when covering campaigns for political office. In order to counteract the biased coverage in the papers the women of the 1992 Senate race used 30-second advertising spots to assert their key issue stances and strengths. Though this was not the sole purpose of their ads, they were very much geared toward compensating for the lack of fair coverage they were receiving in the news. Ultimately they persevered. Through verbal and nonverbal content, as defined by Lynda Lee Kaid, women designed their ads to portray a high level of competence. 1992 is widely known as 'The Year of the Woman,' when 5 women won Senate seats and 24 new women were elected to the House. "All male Senate races received more press coverage than races which included female candidates,' but despite male biased journalistic media coverage, 'women of the 1992 election succeeded with strong campaign spots," that helped them redefine themselves to the public and win c onstituent votes. Though women and men receive an equal amount of coverage by newspapers, "the content of the coverage that women receive as opposed to men, during an election is extremely different and male biased." Newspaper readers are more likely to read about a female candidate's personal life, appearance, or personality while reading about a male's stance on governmental issues. This gives the man more credibility as a candidate. Compared to coverage of male candidates, coverage of a female candidate is, "more personal, less issue based, and less likely to include evidence or reasoning to support quoted remarks". Ultimately women are portrayed as less informed on issues and instead as icons rather than educated citize... ...er women in this study won representation of their state. Each woman focused her ad on something different. It is clear that Braun's ad is heavily laden with endorsements, legislative achievements and highlights of power and leadership while at the same time concentrating a huge portion of the ad on family values. Boxer's theme was to fight for change and Dianne Fienstein highlighted her achievements in the face of undue hardship. Seargant and Ferraro took their ads and focused on highlighting power and leadership. Ultimately all of the women had feminine ad campaigns that were positive outlooks on women rather than weak, negative and superficially concerned. Though men started out with an unfair advantage of positive journalistic media coverage in 1992, women created ad campaigns that overcame the unbalance and won more seats in the House and Senate than ever before.

Internet Privacy

Joyce Betts 03/04/2013 Week 4 Assignment Short Critical Reflection Paper The three Questions I have chosen are: * Online education has evolved over the last ten years as much as the cell phone. Given this, what have been some of the major improvements and changes in the digital classroom? In the 1900s, few universities had online classes. Today, online education is one of the most exciting and revolutionary aspects of our education. Ashford University is one of the top ten online schools, and by now you have a good understanding of how it works.Course management systems are software programs that define the online classroom environment. In late 2009, Ashford University made a change from Blackboard to eCollege software. Most educators believe that Blackboard is one of the most basic systems in distance learning. On the other hand, some people have called eCollege a â€Å"force to be reckoned with† (Babb & Mirabella, 2007,p. 162). With a growing demand for these systems among e ducational institutions, the developers will continue to put pressure on each other to improve their products.This benefits the student, because it ensures that course management software will continue to evolve and enhance the online learning experience. * What types of strategies can educators use to ensure their students are not â€Å"flaming† in a way that causes damage to others? Flaming is a term that describes an increasingly intense and vicious debate. Always avoid offensive language, and be sure to reread everything you write so that it cannot be interpreted as offensive in any way.Never share personal material about any other classmate in a post. Opinions are important to share, but do not make posts a stage from which to broadcast your personal views of life. Making sure each and every student understands the rules of proper etiquette. Finally, if you have a question about something you what to write or about what another student wrote, email your professor private ly. If I post a poem on my Facebook site and someone cuts and pastes it on their site is that a case for stealing my intellectual property?I do not think this is stealing my intellectual property. If you did not want it posted on other sites you need to copyright it. In conclusion, the dark side of the internet will always be with us. If you arm yourself with knowledge, install advances software protection, and license your intellectual property, you should have save experience. References: Bowles, M. D (2010). Introduction to computer literacy. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Chapter 8

Increase Motivation for Reading through Choice

When the headlines report  that  the overall average reading score of 8th students in 2015 declined in comparison to the previous assessment in 2013, there was a chorus of educators who  most likely responded: But...they just dont want to read! The report released by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is considered a benchmark on the academic progress of an estimated  60 million secondary students  attending private and public middle and high schools in the United States. The most recent statistics on these students indicate that there is a significant drop in reading proficiency levels in grades 7-12. For example, only 34 percent of 8th graders (2015) scored at or above proficient levels on the, the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment. This NAEP data also shows a disturbing trend, with reading scores of eighth graders across demographic groups declining from 2013 to 2015. The report confirms what secondary teachers have been saying anecdotally, that  both high and low achieving students are often unmotivated to read. This lack of motivation has been also explored as a cultural problem in David Denbys New Yorker article, Do Teens Read Seriously Anymore?  and illustrated in an  infographic created by Common Sense Media  (2014) titled  Children, Teens and Reading. Perhaps it is no surprise to researchers that the decline in reading proficiency coincides with a decline with student autonomy or choice in reading materials. That decline in choice is created by an increase in teacher control of reading materials at the higher grade levels.   They  Were Once Readers   In the elementary grades, students are given the opportunity to develop a sense of autonomy in reading choice; they are allowed and encouraged to independently select books to read. There is explicit instruction in making good choices in lessons that explain how to judge a   just right book using questions such as: Are there more than five words on a page you don’t know?Are you confused about what is happening in most of this book? This autonomy contributes to the growth of a reader. According to J.T.  Guthrie, et al, in the research brief Reading Motivation and Reading Comprehension Growth in the Later Elementary Years, (2007)  published in  Contemporary Educational Psychology: Children who valued choosing their own books subsequently developed elaborate strategies for selecting books and reported being more intrinsically motivated readers. By giving their students a choice of reading materials in the early grades, elementary teachers increase academic independence and motivation.   However, in most school systems, a students choice of reading material lessens as he or she moves up to the middle and high school grades. Assessment and Standards are Factors By the time a student moves into the middle grades, the  emphasis is on on discipline specific reading materials, as seen in the recommendation by the English Language Arts (ELA) Common Core State Standards in  Literacy  (Key Design Considerations) . This recommendation has resulted in an increase in the reading percentage of nonfiction or informational texts in all disciplines, not just ELA: By grade 8, reading materials should be 45% literary fiction and 55% informational texts;By the time students graduate, reading materials should be 30% literary fiction and 70% informational texts.   These same education researchers,  Guthrie et al, have also published an e-book (2012)  Motivation, achievement, and Classroom Contexts for Information Book Reading, to  document their pursuit of what motivates students to read and what classroom contexts best promote motivation. They note in their e-book that because schools are seeing an increase in educational accountability at different levels and there are a variety of  reading materials are assigned in all subject areas so that teachers can take formal and frequent evaluations of their students. Much of this reading material used for accountability, however, is dull: Middle school students overwhelmingly describe the information texts they read in science classes as boring, irrelevant, and difficult to understand—hardly a recipe for positive motivation to read this material. The researchers who argue for student autonomy agree that  student interest in reading independently (for fun) diminishes  when teachers overly control reading topics or materials. This is especially true for low achieving students. Researcher  Carol Gordon noted  that for this population of adolescents, student attitude is another factor. She explains: Since low-achievers typically do not read voluntarily outside of school, most of their reading is mandated. These students express anger and defiance, as indicated by survey data. In many cases, low achievers don’t really hate to read—they hate to be told what to read. Paradoxically, low-achieving students are the population that would benefit the most from an increase in voluntary reading. To counter the recent drops in reading proficiency, educators need to stop telling students, high and low-achieving, what to read so that students can develop develop ownership over their reading choices. Choice Motivates Students to Read One of the best ways to move beyond assigning all reading is for teachers to provide time in the academic day for voluntary reading of texts for extended periods of time. There may be objections to the use of already dedicated academic time, but the research indicates that time spent reading in school improves academic performance. This is true even for the light or fun reading of young adult literature.  Gordon explains that the  practice of free voluntary reading is not only conducive to reading motivation, [but] it actually works better than direct instruction. She cites Stephen Krashens work (2004) with 54 students, with 51 of those students who scored higher on reading tests than similar students given traditional skill-based reading instruction. Another compelling  argument for providing time in the school day to reading practice is the comparison  to the practice necessary one needs to do in order to become proficient at a sport; the increased number of practice hours increases performance. Even 10 minutes a day of reading can have dramatic effects by simply exposing students to multiple texts text. Researcher  M.J. Adams (2006)developed a data breakdown that illustrates how ten minutes of daily book reading in middle school will increase a student’s exposure to print by about 700,000 words each year. This exposure surpasses the amount of reading currently done by the same grade level students who are performing at the 70th percentile.   To facilitate student voluntary reading, students need access to reading materials that allow for their choice of reading materials. Independent reading libraries in classrooms can help students generate a sense of agency. Students can discover and share authors, explore topics in the  genres that appeal to them, and improve their reading habits. Create Independent Classroom Libraries   The publisher Scholastic produced a report, Kids Family Reading Report (5th edition, 2014) As a publisher of children and young adult literature, Scholastic has a vested interest in increasing the number of readers across the country. In their research based on student polling, they found that in populations aged 12-17,  78% of frequent readers who read books for fun 5-7 times per week are provided time and choice in contrast to the 24% of the infrequent readers who are not provided time or choice. Scholastic also noted that choice for adolescents requires easy access to a wide range of interesting texts. One of their recommendations was that school districts must begin to put money into texts and   allocate funds for high-interest books. They recommend that independent reading libraries should be developed with student input as the critical resource for increasing reading proficiency. Another proponent for independent reading is   Penny Kittle,  an  English teacher and literacy coach at Kennett High School in North Conway, New Hampshire. She has written  Book Love.  a popular guide to helping secondary students read independently. In this guide,  Kittle offers strategies to help teachers, particularly English Language Arts teachers, to increase the volume of what students read and to deepen student thinking about what they read. She offers advice on how to build up those classroom libraries including  grant writing   or applications to  Donor’s Choose  or  The Book Love Foundation. Asking for multiple copies of texts from book clubs and going to warehouse, garage, and library sales are also great ways to grow the classroom libraries. Developing a good relationship with the school library is also important, and students should be encourages to recommend texts for purchase. Finally, teachers can look for the numerous options available wi th e-texts. Choice: A  Desired Option The research concludes that there are millions of students who do not have the rudimentary reading skills that are needed to locate relevant information or make simple inferences. Without the necessary literacy skills for college or career, students may be retained in school or drop out of high school.   The consequences for underdeveloped literacy to the student and to the economic welfare of the country can mean the collective loss of billions of dollars in wages and earnings over a lifetime. Secondary educators need to guide students to associate reading with enjoyment and a worthwhile activity by offering choice. This association can result in making reading a desired option; to make students want to read. The benefits of allowing and encouraging students to make choices about reading will last beyond   school careers and throughout their lives.